How can I edit product prices based on customer tags?

Your best bet is to go to your customer panel and do a search, then save that search into a new group. You can create discounts that apply only to a specific group of customers. This will save you having to code, also this approach only changes the price on product page, but not on checkout as Shopify will still reference the price from the actual product listing, not from your product page.

Make sense?