How can I add a custom filter using the Search & Discovery App?

I’m looking to add a custom filter with the Shopify Search & Discovery App. How is this done? I was informed you can do this with metaobjects. But I do not understand how. I want to add a custom filter by peoples values when they shop. For example the main filter would be called Values and an example of a value would be Kosher.

Official help doc: https://help.shopify.com/en/manual/online-store/search-and-discovery/filters

In-depth Youtube video (unofficial): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_H1z5wa9og&ab_channel=EdCodes