How can I correct the calculated shipping days for USPS/UPS?

In checkout.liquid, try this. It’s written using jquery but moving it to purely javascript shouldn’t be a problem.

$(async function(){
      if(window.location.href.indexOf(`step=shipping_method`)>-1||$(`[data-shipping-method]`).length||$(`title`).text().indexOf(`Shipping`)>-1) {
        if ($(`[data-shipping-method]`).length) {
          adjustShippingTransitTimes();
          return;
        }
        let kpDSMcount=0;
        while (!$(`[data-shipping-method]`).length&&kpDSMcount<100) {
          kpDSMcount++;
          await sleep(100);
        }
        if ($(`[data-shipping-method]`).length) {
            adjustShippingTransitTimes();
        }
      }
    });
      
    function adjustShippingTransitTimes() {
        $(`[data-shipping-method-label-title]`).each(function() {
          const thisEl=$(this);
          const sEl=thisEl.find(`span.small-text`);
          const sText=sEl.text();
          if (sText.indexOf(`day`)>-1) {
            const textArr=sText.split(` `);
            const numDays=textArr[0];
            if(isNaN(numDays)) {
              return;
          }
          const newStr=`${numDays} - ${+numDays+2} business days`;
          sEl.text(newStr);
        }
      });
    }
    async function sleep(ms) {
      return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
    }

The output looks like this: