I tried placing a similar code snippet into the cart template of my theme (Debut) and it worked like a charm:
So I accessing the product metafields from the line item doesn’t seem to be an issue.
I noticed that you’re using an updated version of the Liquid code. Assuming that your “hersteller_bezeichnung” metafield is an OS 2.0 metafield, this part of the secondary loop:
{{ line_secondary_loop.product.metafields.my_fields.hersteller_bezeichnung }}
with this code:
{{ line_secondary_loop.product.metafields.my_fields.hersteller_bezeichnung.value }}
