Hi @harryarkwright1 ,
Nick here from Shopify. Really good questions!
If you have made code edits to a specific theme for example Brooklyn and then change theme to Debut then you would need to make the same code changes again in the new theme as you can only change the code in one theme at a time. In this scenario, unless Debut has the fuincionality for the feature your looking for, you would need to edit the code again. Your products and pages and other aspects like that would stay, but for specific custom theme edits, you would need to change them again.
Can I ask you what code changes you made to Brooklyn? Our theme support team does have a free 60 minute design time for smaller athestic changes to your themes which you could look into if you have not done so already here. If it is quite a custom change, your best next step would be to talk to a Shopify Expert if you feel you need to or aren’t comfortable making the changes yourself.
So while all your copy, pages, products, orders will transfer over and remain the same, the customisations to the theme, will need to be applied again. I hope this helps, but please don’t hesitate to ask if you have any other questions about this!