How to display chosen metaobject name instead of URL in a metafield?

That assign statement returns a list. So you need to change it to:

{%- assign typavdisc_metafield = product.metafields | where: “namespace”, “custom” | where: “key”, “typ_av_disc3” | first -%}

And to access the value you need:
{{- typavdisc_metafield.value -}}

I think that will output this: gid://shopify/Metaobject/18734612808.