How to display tax rate in a Liquid file?

You either need to hard code the values, or use something like metafields to expose the info in liquid.

Tax data is not exposed in liquid except if a variant is taxable, and limited places for amount on line items where tax has been actually calculated, or a id or status.

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/variant#variant-taxable

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/cart#cart-taxes_included

DEPRECATED https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/shop#shop-taxes_included

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/checkout#checkout-tax_price

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/tax_line

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/cart#cart-taxes_included

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/company_location#company_location-tax_registration_id

https://shopify.dev/docs/api/liquid/objects/customer#customer-tax_exempt

Also see the many topics on VAT price displays.