The uncomfortable part of catalogue sync is that failure is silent. Nothing errors out. The app shows green, the storefront looks normal, and the two stores drift apart for weeks until a customer orders something that is not there.
There are only a handful of mechanisms behind it, and all of them are ordinary.
A webhook is missed. Shopify does not guarantee delivery of every event, and a sync that only listens to events has no way of knowing it missed one - there is no gap in the numbering to notice.
Someone edits the wrong store. The receiving store gets a “quick fix” by hand, and from that moment two versions of the truth exist.
An app writes a field on one side only. Review scores, subscription data, SEO fields - another app updates them in one store and knows nothing about your second one.
Stock is counted differently. One store totals every location, the other counts one warehouse, and both numbers are correct for their own definition.
A key is renamed. A SKU is edited on one side, the match key stops pointing at the same pair, and the next sweep may create a second product instead of updating the first.
The practical answer is not “sync harder”, it is a scheduled comparison you did not have to remember to run. Compare both catalogues field by field, on a schedule, and require the report to name the product, the field and what each store says. A report that says “3 differences” is not useful; a report that says which three is.
You can do a rough version yourself: export both catalogues to CSV once a week and diff the columns you care about. It is tedious and it misses inventory, but it beats finding out from a customer.