mutation productOptionsCreate only creates one option value per option

product->options .. refers to the name of the option and not its values.

product->variants->options refers to actual values . beware though product->variants will be deprecated in next release [2024-04]

May be try the following

{
    "title": " Title ..... ",
    "published": true,
    "options": [
      "Size"
    ],
    "handle": "handle....",
    "variants": [
      {
        "options": [
          "Small"
        ]
      },
      {
        "options": [
          "Large"
        ]
      }
    ]
}