Thank you for the reply. Yes, so far I am using the dawn theme (updated to version 11) and it shows non-bundled products in the cart just fine. Just to be clear: It also shows the default image (and title) of the bundles ‘parentVariant’ if a bundle is merged. I just can’t change this image (and title) to my customized values in any carts view.
I added a custom liquid section just to see the stored properties
{{ cart.items.first | json }}
but it does seem like neither my custom image url nor my custom title do appear there. Also I can’t find the item_components property in the displayed json either (but I know it exists) - but that’s less important for my problem.