I’d try to replace this:
{%- form 'product', product, id: product_form_id, class: form_class -%}
With this:
{%- form 'product', product, id: product_form_id, class: form_class -%}
Whoever added the quantity drop-down has created an extra form and removed required elements from the main cart form…
There are other possible improvements, but start with this.