Character encoding is a system that assigns a unique binary code to each character in a character set. The binary codes allow computers to represent, store and transmit text in a standardized way. There are many different character encodings, but some of the most common are ASCII, UTF-8, and ISO-8859-1.
UTF-8 is an HTML tag that specifies the character encoding of the document. UTF-8 is a character encoding that can represent any character in the Unicode standard, which includes characters from many different writing systems, such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, and many others. By using the meta tag to specify the character encoding as UTF-8, the browser can correctly interpret and display the text of the document, regardless of the language or writing system used.