Why are some products not appearing in my sitemap on Google Search Console?

Have you submitted a products sitemap previously? Or are you submitting just the index(sitemap.xml) to GSC?

If you have submitted a products sitemap (and it was some time ago) your current product sitemap url is most likely different as this changes whenever you add a product. This could be causing GSC to think x amount of products are not in your sitemap because any products that were added to your store after you submitted the sitemap will not be in the sitemap you submitted. We don’t submit a products sitemap we just submit the index.

We have a large store (3 products sitemaps) and we intermittently see entire sitemaps unrecognized by google search console. 5001 products indexed but not submitted in sitemap…

This is most likely the way shopify produces product sitemaps and google becoming confused when our sitemaps urls change almost daily.
I have noticed that google still crawls these “older” sitemaps every so often and if a product is deleted and that products id is used in either the start or end of the range for an old sitemap, it will return a 400 error and those also end up in crawl stats in GSC.

Shopify really needs change the way they produce product sitemaps, move away from query prams in the url and have stable sitemap urls like with collection pages etc.