Why isn’t the POS session ID or device ID not accessible when building sales reports? When I reached out to support, they said it’s due to an incompatibility with the sales report I’m generating which is one of the sales reports built in shopify where I’m trying to add those column to the report.
Can anyone provide more clarity to this issue as it seems it should be applicable to my reports. I think in the old APIs, these fields were available, so why are they restricted now and is it possible to get these fields available?
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You’re right — POS session ID and device ID aren’t exposed in the standard sales reports. They used to be available in older APIs, but Shopify has since limited what fields can be pulled into the built-in reports for consistency across merchants. At the moment, those fields are only accessible through the Analytics API / POS reports or by exporting data via the API, not by customizing sales reports directly.
So it’s not an error on your side — it’s just a current limitation of Shopify’s reporting. If you need those fields, you’d have to query the API or use a reporting app that supports them.
What reports exactly can I view the session ID and device ID on? and does it have sales data and cashiers defined in it?
You won’t see POS session ID or device ID in the standard Shopify sales reports — those reports only cover sales, payments, and cashier activity.
If you need session/device data, it’s only available through:
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The POS reports inside Shopify (very limited), or
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The Analytics/Reporting API (where you can also join it with sales and cashier data).
So short answer: 
sales data + cashier info = yes (in sales reports), 
session ID + device ID = API only.